I worry that those startups #1-3 burn a good chunk of their money on customer acquisition, not on solving technological problems (though scale creates its own problems too). That money would be unnecessarily wasted. I also doubt a huge staff is needed to figure out the tech part.

But I understand your point: startups can be viewed as economy's distributed R&D. Speculative investment makes a lot of sense - it could be that without startups #1-3, #4 wouldn't exist because it couldn't afford the risk of developing an innovative product. But my main gripe is how VC-backed startups repay the investment - they're being pressured into user-hostile and sometimes antisocial business models. It's so common that these business model became accepted as standard these days! So perhaps a way forward isn't to reduce venture funding, but curtail the socially destructive business models directly.

Imo, bootstrapped startups can only exist feasibly in the B2B space. And definitely not in the B2C space. Would Uber have succeeded if it were bootstrapped (with higher pricing), or would it have spawned enough copycats during its slow growth phase who would soon make it infeasible to scale up and hire the kind of engineers that a venture like ridesharing would need?

> or would it have spawned enough copycats during its slow growth phase who would soon make it infeasible to scale up and hire the kind of engineers that a venture like ridesharing would need?

Would that be a problem? At least from the point of view of a customer, I don't want a single megacorp owning the market (and let's cut the marketing BS: Uber is not a startup, and hasn't been for a while; it's a multinational corporation). More "copycats" is usually better, as they compete (until they start racing to the bottom, but that's another issue entirely).

I was talking about Uber circa 2009. Were it bootstrapped, we would have seen 5-6 loss making entities competing against each other by 2014 - and Uber wouldn't have likely expanded outside the US.

I understand. But I don't consider Uber's success a good thing - it was a ruthless company that cornered the market through illegal and antisocial behavior, and unfortunately set a path for other startups to follow. I believe we'd be better off if Uber died very early, and allowed one of their above-board competitors to disrupt the taxi space.

And this in capitalism is known as "efficiency".