There are different ways for states to generate income or save income:

- Personal income/wage tax

- Business income tax

- Capital gains taxes, Dividend taxes

- Sales tax

- Proper tax (homes, cars, etc.)

- Reducing services (e.g., worse schools, worse healthcare)

- Borrow (this can be a slippery slope)

- Create shadow liabilities that dont show up on the books (e.g., pension liabilities with poor growth assumptions)