Actually, it would with qemu user-mode emulation. This can be done transparently with binfmt_misc, which is a one or two-liner on many distributions.
BuildKit now can now also automatically without any additional setup:
https://github.com/moby/buildkit/pull/1516
But I do understand your point, Linux emulation on FreeBSD may be incomplete/incorrect in places, so you have to address to problems at the same time. Unfortunately, I think this is also what people would expect from Docker support - the ability to pull arbitrary images.
This is really an important point, MS failed to get WSL1 good enough so WSL2 was just a plain Linux kernel being virtualized. Maybe running a some partially virtualized linux kernel(Linux already has modes for this?) via bhyve relying on a host FreeBSD filesystem (using the already developed layering) might be an feasible approach that requires less Linux API chasing while retaining the "native" FS advantage at the expense of some extra memory (bhyve) ?