Yes, and (for example) Fastmail allows you to do that very easily. So does Google if you prefer to keep the Gmail interface & are willing to pay for G Suite.

And, if your mail client’s UI allows, you can even send from <whatever>@yourdoma.in to avoid disclosing your “real” address when you reply.

My favorite use-case: you sign up for foo.com with [email protected]. Then foo sells their contact database, and now you’re getting viagra spam all day. Ok, just add a filter to auto-trash anything addressed to foo@, and the problem is solved.

Not op, but what you described is called a catchall address. Easily done with custom domain. Basically a regex for *@domain.tld, every mail sent to (anything)@domain.tld will arrive at a preconfigured mailbox, say [email protected] etc