Tutanota was the one service I found that let you add (IIRC) arbitrary amounts of storage to your plan, but I found their web interface to be kinda clunky, and let the account expire. I keep wanting to look into this again, but never get around to it.
There's no official Linux client, but there are open source ones that perform well.
You could drop your mbox onto a OneDrive sync and then use fetchmail or similar to rip it out of your provider. Each email could be individually encrypted, so you won't have to deal with a 500gb blob to sync.
This is what it took:
* Connect to Outlook and sync locally
* Sort All Mail by sender
* Delete All Mail per senders that aren't important
It took me a day, and I'm glad I did it. Not that painful. Outlook was a champ through the whole process.
Now I can move somewhere else, which I will.
I remember services available 5+ years ago that would help you with this kind of thing (scanning through email archives by sender), but the ones I remember have all morphed into "tame your inbox" apps, which doesn't solve the same problem.