> My main question, without disagreeing with the hypotheses given by the Justice Department, is this: if it's true that blacks are still being discriminated against, and nobody is allowed to compensate for that by taking action, what else can we need to do to solve the pre-existing discrimination, assuming that it's cultural and difficult

I’m an Asian and I’m okay with affirmative action. But it’s worth noting that over 60% of Black people think race should not be even a “small factor” in college admissions: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/02/25/most-americ...

Insofar as the public might not want race-based preferences, there are things we can do that are putatively race-neutral but will disproportionately advantage Black people. One of the most effective things we could do is baby bonds: https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/how-baby-bonds-could-help-a...

Fixing that disproportionately negatively affect Black people, such as criminal justice reform, would help. Police reform-not just to reduce brutality, but also to reduce crime in Black communities—would help.