The only suggestion I have is practice, it's a skill like many others where practice makes you aware of patterns and these patterns have common or known approaches. Of course just blindly applying patterns won't cut it, the practice part is that the common ones become ingrained and you can focus your mental effort into the specifics of a new problem.

Rehearsing your knowledge of data structures and algorithms while studying algorithmic quizzes can get you pretty far, it's time-consuming though so it needs to be something you get fun out of it, I don't get much fun out of it so I have done the bare minimum that is needed for this industry...