Yes, browsers (especially Chrome) are capable of doing this. There are a few browser based vector editors (Gravit, Method Draw, Vectr, Janvas, Boxy). None of them is perfect, some are slow, and especially when it comes to complex drawings or advanced features like boolean operations and path offsetting, most of them run into serious issues. But you can expect to see a browser based Inkscape replacement within the next two years.

It seems very doable with flutter, as it GPU accelerated by default and can compile to web.

you can also try to launch Inkscape with GDK_BACKEND=broadway and open it in a browser