Is this true? I would have assumed that would be done locally on device. The preview image, for example, is what's designated by the Open Graph[0] og:image tag.
[0]: https://ogp.me
But do you remember when Apple launched their maps? A decade later and it's still not nearly as good as Google maps. But it's "good enough". I imagine that's what they're going for with this new search service
However, Apple started collecting their own data in 2015, and rolling out their own maps in 2018.
>Apple is filling its map with so many [details] that Google now looks empty in comparison and all of these details create the impression that Apple hasn’t just closed the gap with Google—but has, in many ways, exceeded it.
https://www.justinobeirne.com/new-apple-maps
Apple's map data now covers the US and its territories and data for the UK and Ireland are currently in testing.
Yes, that’s possible, but Applebot is used in a lot of ways today that are wholly unrelated to search. (If search consists of crawling, indexing, ranking, retrieval, frontend, etc., Applebot only does the crawling part.)
Applebot is used for generating attachment previews in iMessage (eg. Send someone a URL — the preview is from Applebot crawling it). From the docs, it sounds like it’s also used for similar previews in Siri.