Very often, you'll see n-tier applications where for some reason (typically load-balancers), the requests are muxed into a single TCP stream. In the past, this improved efficiency by eliminating the per-connection overhead.
Now, with high core counts and high bandwidths, some parallelism is absolutely required to even begin to approach the performance ceiling. If the application is naturally single-threaded, such as some ETL jobs, these single-stream bottlenecks are very difficult to overcome.
In the field, I very often see 8-core VMs with a "suspicious" utilisation graph flatlining at 12.5% because of issues like this. It boils my blood when people say that this is perfectly fine, because clearly the server has "adequate capacity". In reality, there's a problem, and the server is at 100% of its capacity an the other 7 cores are just heating the data centre air.