Apple's ARM chips probably perform much better than reference ARM chips because they are much closer to the micro architecture that Intel uses. But Apple's chips still consume less power than Intel chips used in laptops. The secret sauce is probably the fact that the SoC has cores with different performance and power profiles. Big cores are used for peak performance bursts and lots of small cores for energy efficiency while the device is waiting for user input.
I think Geekbench is measuring peak performance and not sustained performance but the numbers are probably correct. Making a representative comparison between mobile devices and desktops isn't possible because their different thermal profiles but it's highly likely that Apple will go for a passively cooled design if they can.
there is a time-honored way to do exactly that.
Constrain the comparison.
"Double the performance" (of $899 to $901 laptops with 2560x1440 resolution)
"Twice as fast" (as all laptops with thunderbolt 3 and no sd card reader)
Single core performance is currently doubling every five years or so. We’re not about to see it double in the next 24 hours.