Standard approach is to check the provided pictures for any containing the roof or parts of it. Color of the tiles, the form of windows etc are good features to look for on a google maps satellite view.

This usually brings up several possible matches. These can often be reduced by checking any interior pictures Including windows showing the immediate surroundings. Adding nearby buildings as features to look out for.

Any idea on why the address is not provided?

I just find this practice really annoying and I don't see how it helps sell a property.

It prevents people from showing up randomly and ringing doorbells. The realtor can control the process, inexperienced and stressed sellers are not confronted with strangers 'negotiating'. Mostly it's in the interest of the realtor that their position as a middleman is accepted.

So why isn’t that an issue in the US where addresses are openly listed and homeowners aren’t harassed?

Realtors in the US typically have an exclusive contract with the seller and the seller must pay the commission however the house is sold. Without a contract like that (seems common in Europe), a buyer can bypass the realtor and work directly with the seller. The listing agents hide the address to try to prevent that from happening.