802.11ac packages already implement MIMO-based beamforming, and I think there are already speciality 802.11ac packages using phased array for backhaul radio links. Phased array beamforming is a matter of size and processing power, but nothing different from cutting edge WiFi and 5G products, and not much different from what's already deployed in many laptops and cellphones. The entire software and hardware stack, including at the consumer level, is already capable of real-time, electronic beamforming. The technology for the Starlink terminals is well established and it could be done cheaply, it's just a matter of whether Starlink has the manufacturing pipeline primed.
Just like with rockets and electric cars, all the pieces exist and are relatively mature. It's just a matter of assembling them cost effectively, and that happens to be Elon Musk's special gift.