Effort to reward I think sometimes is measured as upward mobility. I agree that this is an important aspect, which needs to be measured. I think they call this equality of opportunity and education. So not everyone gets equal outcome, but all should have equal footing at making it up the ladder.

That said, I think some of the issues are just that we're not even meeting the fundamental human rights. If you read over the UN declaration of human rights here: https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ you can see we don't even meet them all.