That doesn't really make sense in the context of docker.
It's still Linux inside the container. Even if it's some abstract non-Linux service thing running the container, what happens in the container is still the concern of the developer.
Yes it does, my application written in Go, Java, .NET, doesn't care if the runtime is bare metal, running on an hypervisor type 2, type 1 or some other OS.
I run Docker on Windows Containers, no Linux required.
There are also the ugly named serverless deployments, where the kernel is meaningless.
With hypervisors and managed environments taking over distributed computing, if there is a kernel derived from Linux or something completely different, it is a detailed that only the cloud provider cares about.