You let the free market decide the price of patents. Each year they are all put up for sale. Highest bid wins and gets the patent, and they can license it to others or keep it for themselves.

1% of patent value is paid each year as compensation for the government protecting the IP.

Similar system could work for copyright property.

That's an interesting idea. It would cut down on the number of garbage patents, which is a huge positive in my view.

Probably equally, but the tax should be a function of age.