Thank you for this tremendous piece of silicon detective work. Really hope that that there are further instalments to come, for example covering the microcode.

Just to highlight too that footnote 1, describing the lengths that the Intel engineers had to go to ensure that interaction between the 8086 and the 8087 worked, is fascinating.

Ken, could the two 10^18 constants have two different signs? The signs must be stored somewhere like the exponents. Since most bits are zero for both signs and exponents, does it make sense for them to be coded as Boolean functions instead of being stored in a ROM?

I actually wrote that idea (two different signs) in the post but took it out :-) My thinking is that the hardware must support negation, so it would save space to have one constant and negate it instead of two constants with different signs.

I'm still investigating the chip, so I hope to find the exponent ROM (or Boolean logic as you suggest) and solve this puzzle.

Thanks for the article Ken. I’d like to remark the small refresher on how transistors works, it makes up for a really pleasant read. Also the footnotes are actually useful in decluttering the articles but amenable and clear to read.

Thank you for reminding me of the magic of all of this stuff. For whatever reason it's been lost to me for a long time.

This is history that deserves to be remembered.