To forestall any criticism about the AIR report showing "no effect", you need to know that report did not consider (and was prohibited from considering) operational data, of over 700 missions, 50% of which provided actionable intelligence, and 85% of which had accurate information: https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788... (page 8, last paragraph). For additional context of the linked briefing, see: https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP96-00788...