Besides discovery and virality, there is also the issue of falling transaction costs. When Google, Facebook and Amazon were founded, you had to maintain your own datacenters and infrastructure. That alone produced a massive barrier to entry that made competition less fierce. Since the advent of AWS and other cloud computing platforms, transactions costs for tech companies have dropped dramatically so you can't rely on infrastructure prowess as a competitive advantage for many tech verticals.
You simply can't compare companies that were born and matured in different markets with different dynamics to those founded in the past 10-15 years. It's apples and oranges.
Were Linkedin, Instagram, Beats by Dre, WhatsApp, Tableau, Skype, GitHub, MuleSoft all failures because they were acquired for billions, making lucrative paydays for their founders and investors?
Beats by Dre raised less than $1 billion in funding.
https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/beats-by-dr-dre
WhatsApp raised less than $70 million.
https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/whatsapp#section-ove...
From looking at Crunchbase, Instagram didn’t raise any outside funding.
None of the companies you listed raised anywhere near what Uber, Lyft and AirBnb raised.
Amazon - operates on thin to non existent profits for years but use much of its own money to grow through operating cash.
Apple - definitely didn’t raise billions in the 70s and was profitable at IPO.
Netflix - I don’t know much about Netflix.
Google - grew fast but it also had a profitable business.
Microsoft - famously, MS didn’t even need the VC money it got early on. It took the money because it wanted the expertise of the investors.