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Re:Japan to Draw Up UFO Encounter Protocols After U.S. Footage by hindsightbias on Sunday May 03, 2020 @09:48PM (#23063738)
“When we update this prior in light of the Fermi observation, we find a substantial probability that we are alone in our galaxy, and perhaps even in our observable universe (53%–99.6% and 39%–85% respectively). ’Where are they?’ — probably extremely far away, and quite possibly beyond the cosmological horizon and forever unreachable.”

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.02404.pdf

Done and done.

Re:Japan to Draw Up UFO Encounter Protocols After U.S. Footage by lend000 on Sunday May 03, 2020 @09:57PM (#23063805)
Did you even try to understand the paper? They rightfully point out the uncertainty in estimating even the order of magnitude in the Drake equation, then build a model on uncertain, if not completely speculative facts including the Kardashev civilization model, and the validity of the "Fermi observation," which is in fact being debated in this very thread.