There's an awful lot of case law to date that allows for public health departments to violate constitutional rights to address a public health emergency. The legal right to quarantine is pretty much predicated on "for the good of society, your constitutional rights are out the window."

I hope I don't sound critical of this. I'm not. I'm in favor of empowering public health departments, with accountability and oversight and judicial review, to do what is needed to prevent massive tragedy. I'm just putting it bluntly: our case law on this topic is reasonably well-settled, and one-sided, as pertains to epidemics. (Now, as pertains to vaccinating...)