AFAIR there never was a period from the renaissance up to present times where rights were universally interpreted the way you describe them - though your view certainly is pretty widespread in the US discourse.

If one wants to conveniently fit all the different views on the topic into two categories, the view advocated by you would be the instituionalist tradition, with e.g. John Rawls as a famous proponent. The reasoning driving Finland here is the consequentialist tradition, represented by e.g. Amartya Sen.

At the risk of oversimplifying things, the consequentialist interpretation is more popular in Europe, while the favorite in the USA is the institutionalist thinking.