>The catch is that it's your own citizens who bear most of the burden of these tariffs.

that's not a catch, that's the whole point. It's not just a punishment for the countries that are polluting, it's also a punishment for people who externalize their pollution by buying from countries that are polluting. Putting all the responsibility on third-world countries doing the manufacturing and none on the consumers who buy whithout concern for where their products come from is the whole problem. the consumer nations should bear the burden of sustainable production just as much if not more than the producer nations.

Trump's tariffs are dumb because they ignore the impact on the consumer, but that doesn't mean tariffs are bad. A tariff on pollution means we stop externalizing that cost. If we pay the cost of pollution, it makes non-polluting alternatives economically viable.

The company being tariffed suffers as well, so long as the tariffs are enforced by a large number of countries, and they don't have a lock on the market (like specific rare elements or something).

"Your own" citizens bear the burden of higher prices from that country, but this is a desired outcome: goods that have higher externalities should cost more. That's the whole point of a carbon tax.

And unless a country really has a lock on a resource, higher tariffs ought to mean the products start being produced in the host country, which is good because it will be being made under the better carbon policies.

Tariffs are dumb when they're enacted out of spite, enacted out of some false sense of balance, or enacted as a short-term bandaid to try and prop up a failing local industry. But in the case of carbon taxes and policies, they would seem to do exactly the right thing: discourage consumption and production of carbon-heavy resources.

You're not wrong, but there's more than one side to this ledger. Often times, imported things are cheap in a large part because they have massive externalities. China, for example, can manufacture cheap goods because they have less strict environmental protections than the U.S. The "free market" has always struggled to account for the exploitation of our commonwealth. I think we're at a point in history where we're having to confront that fact, and the solution isn't an easy one.

Sure. I'm just saying tariffs don't work as simply as most people, notably including the current President of the United States, seem to think they do.

They do work but Trumps goals are questionable. What does he actually want to achieve? Move manufacturing away from China? It did happen but the jobs didn't go back to the USA.

With carbon tariffs the entire point is to reduce import of CO2 intensive products. The only failure criteria is if people abolish the CO2 tax/tariff.