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Re:Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029 by pjc50 on Friday January 24, 2020 @08:53AM (#22138210)
Plumbing is a problem for hot radioactive molten salt. It's one of the few things that will erode ordinary stainless steel.
Re:Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029 by 0x4863A0 on Friday January 24, 2020 @09:25AM (#22138503)
Agreed that is a significant gating factor, but the situation is not impossible. Several paths are laid out for moving forward in a 2018 report by a couple of ANL scientists. The report is quite readable, even if you know little about materials science.

[1] https://art.inl.gov/ART%20Document%20Library/High%20Temperat...

Re:Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029 by kerkeslager on Friday January 24, 2020 @10:16AM (#22138916)
Does titanium hold up to radioactive molten salt?

There are a bunch of places I've found where the difficulty (and therefore cost) of working with titanium is really holding humanity back. If we could find cheaper techniques for working with titanium it would revolutionize a lot of industries, as it's plentiful, light, strong, non-reactive, and melts at high temperatures. But the same attributes that make it hold up under the stresses of use, make it very hard to shape.

Re:Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029 by akiselev on Friday January 24, 2020 @10:29AM (#22139063)
A radioactive fluoride salt might just be one of the most corrosive substances on the planet. Titanium might hold up a little longer but not by much.

Any material that can resist the corrosion will be bombarded by neutrons until it is transmuted into another material that can't, even with "slow" neutrons.

Re:Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029 by kerkeslager on Friday January 24, 2020 @11:56AM (#22140033)
Okay, what's the solution?

The Wikipedia article[1] says, "A 2011 MIT study concluded that although there is little in the way of barriers to a thorium fuel cycle, with current or near term light-water reactor designs there is also little incentive for any significant market penetration to occur. As such they conclude there is little chance of thorium cycles replacing conventional uranium cycles in the current nuclear power market, despite the potential benefits." What did they know at MIT in 2011 that we don't? Or were they just wrong?

If really no material will work for this, I can only imagine some sort of mag-lev design that keeps the molten salt out of contact with other materials, but that seems kind of far-fetched.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium_fuel_cycle

Re:Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029 by akiselev on Friday January 24, 2020 @01:21PM (#22140980)
The solution is to replace the reactor chamber far more often than you would in other reactor designs. It's not actually an insurmountable problem because fluoride chemistry is extremely common in nuclear engineering - most of our nuclear waste is stored as uranium hexafluoride after all - and there is a lot of expertise in dealing with exotic corrosive materials. It's just that replacing your entire reactor every year is astronomically expensive. Just because the technology exists to do it, doesn't mean that it can be done economically when competing against natural gas, solar, and wind.
Re:Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029 by Someone on Friday January 24, 2020 @12:43PM (#22140572)
”I can only imagine some sort of mag-lev design that keeps the molten salt out of contact with other materials”

If you were to build that, how would you transfer the heat out of the molten salt?

Re:Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029 by kerkeslager on Friday January 24, 2020 @02:46PM (#22141772)
I have no idea! Like I said, farfetched.
Re:Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029 by mortivore on Friday January 24, 2020 @09:43AM (#22138670)
That seems like a pretty major issue. No wonder it hasn't gone forward. Are there any alternatives proposed?
Re:Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029 by Beltiras on Friday January 24, 2020 @09:10AM (#22138361)
I haven't researched those issues but apparently it could be done with stone age tech (1960's) compared to the material sciences we have today.
Re:Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029 by mechhacker on Friday January 24, 2020 @09:32AM (#22138579)
Yes they ran the molten salt reactor.

However, running one and being able to make a cost effective reactor is completely different.

Especially when water is already a very well known and very well understood heat transfer medium.

Re:Rolls-Royce plans mini nuclear reactors by 2029 by Beltiras on Friday January 24, 2020 @09:37AM (#22138624)
And we understand it to be rather dangerous in failure modes. TMI, Chernobyl and Fukushima all revolved around failure modes with water. The failure mode in Thorium is stopping the reactor. Will take a month or more to restart the reaction.