Alpine Linux, Busybox, ArchLinux are examples.

Alpine Linux doesn't have bash installed by Default either. Don't know about the others

ArchLinux - wrong, has python preinstalled even if you go with the base image. Alpine - doesn't even contain bash in the miniroot edition Busybox - similar to Alpine

If python happens to disappear from all linux distros ansible can still work with the raw module.

In any case, the bash script posted is based on apt install so it's not going to work on much less amount of distros rather than if it was just an ansible role.

Windows?

Windows doesn't come with bash by default either ;)

Python is extremely easy to setup on Windows though.

Time have changed a lot though as you can now run complex bash scripts on the Windows Subsystem for Linux (published by Microsoft).

Windows Subsystem for Linux https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about

Print Screens and Doc of running as Bash Script on Windows: https://fastsitephp.com/en/documents/file-encryption-windows

Which can be resolved by running SCCM