MongoDB uses btree indexes as well, it just doesn't use Map/Reduce for its regular querying like CouchDB does. See my above comment on differences as well as a writeup I did on new output options in MongoDB's M/R system.
The original part in couchdb design is using btree for views to hold temporary data for M/R jobs, as btree are indeed used by mongodb (and most db engines).
The new stuff for M/R in mongodb looks interesting, thanks for the update.
As far as I know, this does not work on mondodb.
Personally, I simply do not see the point of map reduce for something like couch: the whole point is to be able to parallel jobs on multiple machines so that data do not need to move back and forth through the network. Debugging them is particularly painful, especially if you need to support non programmers (sql is used by many non-programmers people in my experience).