I deleted the account a few days later because Twitter is dull and the entire point of what I was trying to do was see if the rumors of immediate account flagging were true. They don't seem to be.
I've not tried again since, and considered twitter 100% off-limits after that experience since it's obviously just an effort to acquire phone numbers coupled to accounts and email addresses under the guise of "security".
Also, Microsoft will require a phone number once you try to log into an Outlook email account from other IP address than you have signed up with. Again, it says the number is necessary to "secure an account from hackers" or something like this.
That's quite a good idea.. They're effectively using your IP as a 2nd factor auth for those people who refuse to use 2 factor. If, like many people, you have a static IP at home, and they whitelist IP's your sessions roam to, you may never need to log in from a new IP.
And of course, try not to compare it with the Chinese rules requiring phone number verification for online accounts...