No, the system API of those systems is exposed in C, ObjC and C respectively.
You may be thinking about the most common language in those platforms nowadays (and their respective APIs).
This is incorrect. Microsoft doesn't have a C compiler, only a C++ compiler, so the lower level language on Windows is C++. Yet for application development, the application language is C#.
On Apple, the lowest level language is ObjC, and the application language is Swift. And on Android, its C + Kotlin.
Doing application development on, e.g., Android, using the C NDK, is pretty much unsupported, since the NDK is mostly undocumented, and changes often. The only stable API for application development is Java, or Kotlin.
It is easy to criticize designs that are 47 years old in today's context.
I am betting you wouldn't have done a better job half a century ago either.
The key is to be as fast as possible, as memory light as possible, and able to produce and speak to C ABI.
I'm not saying it's widespread, but the language features put it in that field.
Why Erlang processes are not right?
Rust essentially competes with C and C++ (and maybe D and Nim without their GCs), and the reason it gets hype is because it brings some unique features for that niche.
Go brought some unique features as well (goroutines done right), and it is pushed by a major player.
In Julia's niche, you only really have Julia and Fortran - sure there are many other languages used in that niche, but there are very very few languages exclusively designed for that niche.
C#, Kotlin and Swift are the system API languages of major platforms (MS, Apple, Android). Javascript is the language for the web.
What's Crystal for?