- Quadratic = x^2, e.g. 0,1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81
- Exponential = n^x, for example 2^x, e.g. 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256
Already very bad for small x even if n=2, but for n higher than 2 you can imagine you will run out of time very, very quickly ;-P
I'm not sure why, but getting back to the right terminology/vocabulary just to get back in to the basics of mathematics is a lot harder for me than it was 20 years ago.
If you seek to acquire formality and rigor, I can't help you there; I figure shortcuts will be nonexistant ;)
Of course, poly still means there is an exponential in the time complexity.
It's really nothing beyond the main takeaway that the usual norm to describe something as having "exponential" growth is that the number of computations increases in order of magnitude every time you add but a single item to the list of inputs.