Just read that there have been updates since this time:

https://daringfireball.net/2019/02/on_covering_webcams

> Here’s an answer I received from a former engineer at Apple who was intimately familiar with the software drivers for Mac webcams: "All cameras after that one were different: The hardware team tied the LED to a hardware signal from the sensor: If the (I believe) vertical sync was active, the LED would light up. There is NO firmware control to disable/enable the LED. The actual firmware is indeed flashable, but the part is not a generic part and there are mechanisms in place to verify the image being flashed. […]"

(“That one” being the MacBook comprised in the “iSeeYou” paper.)

It’s been hardwired for quite some time. There is still firmware on the sensor controller but it’s signed and verified now so you can’t just flash whatever you want to it.

True, although that software now runs on an specialized secure coprocessor