Rust doesn't enforce "thread safety" just a lack of a simple kind of data races. Much of it is because data races could result in undefined behavior in Rust when there's a race between freeing memory and accessing it. This kind of race cannot happen in Java, either.
Java does not enforce thread safety at compile time. I would take Rust over java just for that.
Disclaimer - work heavily in Java by day, and have written some cli tools in Rust.