Low-end food courts are extremely common in the US. There's probably one in just about any mall. The problem is that low-end food court in the US mostly translates into fast food chains which are mostly... not very good.

I expect you'd need a culture that was more open to low-cost non-branded ethnic cuisines. You have it to some degree here and there. Food trucks (though those are often a bit higher price point), international food stalls at outdoor events. But hawker centers (which are one of the things I love about Singapore) are probably tough to transport to a lot of other situations--though you do have good street food in a lot of places in Asia.