> There are restrictions on many things you “own”.

Are any of these restrictions there so a private third party can decide what you do with your property?

Another example is the Visual Artists Rights Act. You may own the painting, sculpture, etc., but you are not allowed to modify or destroy it.

Yes, land rights for example. Someone else decides what you're allowed to build and/or dig.

Which private party decides that?

The municipal council approves all building plans. Just because you own the land doesn’t mean you have the right to build whatever you want on it without approval.

At least, that’s true in at least one state in the USA.

The neighbor or utility providers have a say if there's an easement, e.g. you can't build as to block their right-of-way access for maintenance purposes, despite your ownership over the land.

Also the developers and architectural controls can make decisions affecting what you build (down to the color you paint outside), before they turn things over to the city.

All subject to local laws of course, so may vary city to city.

Home Owners Association, Neighborhood Association, Historical Society, etc