The OS should protect where it can. So should software, lest your networked game nuke, say, the parts of your home directory to which it has permissions because without those permissions it can't do something it needs to.
This is just defense-in-depth. It's super basic stuff and HN is literally the only place I see people galaxy-braining about the idea that you have an obligation to not write shit code.
Defense in depth. Write good, sane, secure, fail-closed code when you want to ship that code to other people--or don't write code.
A first line of defence is authentication. Make sure the packets come from a trusted source (you can MAC each packet for this), so only those trusted sources could possibly trigger the vulnerability.
If the only trusted source is an authoritative server, you might be able to hide that buffer overflow. If your network code is peer to peer however, you have to trust the other players not to run a cheat that takes over your machine… but at least that's not the whole internet.