Something like that is what I am hoping we get with contracts when they make it into C++. Although the versions so far only add constraints to functions, having them on types as well sounds very useful.

It's great. It allows you to push the responsibility for checking values are in type right out to the earliest point, reducing the need to sprinkle bounds checking code all over the place. If you are using static analysis like SPARK or one of the others, it then lets you do a load more of it automatically, the constraints it places on values makes it much easier to statically demonstrate runtime properties of the code before.