https://lastminuteengineers.com/esp8266-dht11-dht22-web-serv...
If a NodeMCU board is too big for you then an ESP 01S is smaller and even cheaper. Less I/O options though but very useful. Needs a writer and wires to program. You can get one with a relay that is capable of switching 16A.
https://frenck.dev/diy-smart-doorbell-for-just-2-dollar/ - here's an example of a project. $2 is a bit ambitious I spend £7 for two of them on Amazon. That's two ESP-01S and two relays!
I don't do Arduino. esphome is a lot easier for me. You use pip to get the thing installed under your user account. Write a .yaml file which is largely copy and paste from examples and then install it through a USB cable the first time and then over the air after that.
Be prepared to wave goodbye to your spare time and seriously consider a separate VLAN/SSID for these things.
I got the DHT22 to work at 3.3V. But an old 1-Wire DS18B20 I have is very finicky. The pullup needs to be 500-800 ohms. Any experience with 1-wire at 3.3V? (Parasitic power mode). Worked great on a 5V nano.
Add: https://esphome.io/
... and it talks MQTT and connects straight into Home Assistant.