> It just seems odd that a healthy market has actors that profit from the failures of companies

Try googling "why do markets allow short selling". First response [1]. tl;dr - short selling helps your retirement account & balances the market when there are bad actors, such as Enron.

> If it's healthy how do I profit from global climate disasters?

You're conflating things. Profit != world health.

Profit is just a human motivational tool, and money is paper trust. I wrote this software that helps your farming equipment run, and I need food. Money smooths these transactions so I don't need to trade goods-for-goods in every scenario.

I don't know how anyone could profit from hurting climate. Ultimately, destroying your environment destroys you. That's like kicking the amniotic sac open. Why do that? To the extent someone is so-motivated, I'd argue they're depressed, not profit-oriented.

> I'll just keep investing in prison companies for now. /s

I don't know whether that's possible for the average person. For a wealthy entity, it's still a risk, because that industry could disappear due to public pressure. Your money may have been better invested elsewhere.

[1] https://www.quora.com/Why-is-short-selling-legal-allowed