I've used applications that will specifically allocate (available memory * x) or similar because they or their plugins can't handle ENOMEM or the Windows equivalent, and they do not want to swap.
Those applications were broken anyways, see https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20120118-00/?p=85...
In general applications don't manage their ram usage based on available resources they just take what they need until your system starts swapping.
The OS manages memory and evicts cache to make use for applications when they request it. The good thing about a cached file is that it is available on disk to be reread any time you like.