I've only ever seen this accomplished with professional organizations and licensing. Medicine is the easiest example. Clinicians can push back on unethical requests by arguing that complying with a request would result in them losing their license. That gives the employee a lot more leverage.

Engineers too, in Canada.

There are professional engineers (PE) in the US as well. But the software engineering one has been discontinued because basically no one got it. You can get PEs in other fields of engineering. How common it is probably depends on the field and on the type of job. (Basically, you get a PE so that you can sign off on designs where regulators or other government agencies are involved--or want an official credential for e.g. being an expert witness/consultant.)