Depends on the body type and age and history. these movements are super hard on the spine. Try planks and step ups

While there is some percentage of people who these compound movements would be bad for, the beauty of the progressive overload is that you can start incredibly light and strengthen your body overtime. When you compare older people who deadlift versus those who do not, you will often see a great difference in back pain and overall mobility. And for most people it is never too late to start.

And planks/step ups may be great, but they are no replacement for deadlifts and squats.

These exercises will actually strengthen your back and help your spine stay healthy if you practice proper form.

They aren't hard on the spine with proper form.

For bodyweight strength exercises you don’t need a squat rack and bench, or other equipment.

Calisthenics develop muscle more harmoniously and yield stronger joints.

You can also practice them literally anywhere, which helps when on the move.

> Calisthenics develop muscle more harmoniously and yield stronger joints.

I did a quick google, and couldn't find any resources comparing bone density and joint strength for calisthenics practitioners vs strongmen or powerlifters. There's no way joint strength doesn't factor in when you're moving multiples of your own bodyweight. That's also a pretty hard limiting factor of calisthenics - once you're moving your own weight effectively, there's not a lot of places to go, unless you load up with more weight, and then, hey, you're weightlifting.

I'm also confused as to what you mean by "harmoniously" - the big compound movements in lifting that are in vogue right now use a ton of muscles to move stuff around, so a lot of muscles come into play. If you're talking about "muscle imbalances", well, if one was to do a ton of pull-ups and not a lot else, that's a calisthenics workout, and not balanced.