I'd like to roll back the clock to when youtube itself took all (or at least most) of its advertising income from its users' videos.
They do what a company called metacrawler did back in the 90's (and I see still does now) but w/o the privacy angle and whatever other bells and whistles DDG adds. It also crawls but I don't know what percentage of that makes up the index. Generally I don't believe it's a very large part from memory.
https://www.searchenginejournal.com/duckduckgo-seo/252165/#c...
But that is largely with respect to "answers" type responses, which they are not lifting from Bing. Search results come from partners "including" Oath/Yahoo and Bing. And I think Yahoo uses Bing. But I know that DDG uses Yandex sometimes as well, so there's probably a handful of potential sources they draw from for search.
2) A good solution would do both- open up the underlying data while breaking up the various ad sales businesses. A great example is YouTube- YouTube should not be able to single handedly demonetize videos- creators should be able to opt in to alternative ad networks so long as they aren’t violating the TOS, keeping Tuba instructional videos in the black (https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2018/04/youtube-demonetized-m...)