"What problem does a web application solve that a desktop GUI frontend to a network server does not?"
Browsers are huge beasts. If, looking at a single application, one could take away from the browser all the things that a particular application does not need, what would that application's size be? Given good UI libraries, perhaps a million times smaller?
Of course, it's the good old "Worse is better" again. I haven't lost hope, though. I'm sure we can come up with something better than the browser.
edit As an example of something vastly better that already exists in a stable form: http://www.rebol.com/docs/easy-vid.html
I can access news.yc on my t-mobile dash, my mac, my desktop & my friend can access it on his iphone or ubuntu machine. Installed native apps can't do this, unless you install them, which requires download and os compatibility.
But yes, i totally agree with you. multimodal data/application access is a beautiful thing.
security, backup, mainentance, collaboration, streamlined development, agnostic client, open source, economies of scale for administration, development, and deployment, etc., etc., etc.
Oh ye of little vision.
Good article to time capsule for a nice laugh in 2011.