If you care about it, talk about it in the context of fishing, don't just bring it up as a way to snarkily shut down people doing something good, no matter how small.
This is exactly the kind of "plausible deniability" tactics that people who actively push to disregard all environmental concerns use.
It's things like this (and opposition to nuclear, and refusal to consider geoengineering) that make people skeptical of the general environmental movement. After all, if this was such a huge problem... People would be trying to actually solve it instead of virtue signalling.
As for 'the plastic straw wins', I'm unconvinced. The energy cost might be lower, but none of your other reasons factor in environmental cost at all. I don't think any amount of 'feels good' is worth any amount of environmental damage.
Lastly, even if it were entirely symbolic (which it isn't) there's still value in that.
That said, this article is one of the few that really changed my perception. I admit that I have released many balloons over the years, joyfully, with the assumption that latex biodegrades. Now that I see how empirically dangerous they are to seabirds, I won't be so joyful and will surely share the facts instead of releasing the balloons.
At least in SE Asia, this is untrue. Nearly every single place that serves food puts a straw in your drink. From street vendors to restaurants.
I can agree with you that we need to keep bothering until it stops, but on a personal level after living in SE Asia for the last 3 years, I'm honestly of the opinion of trash being a hopeless problem on a global level.
Over here in Germany (a country exceptionally delusional about being good at environmentalism) tiny plastic spoons have suddenly become a standard feature at ice cream vendors. The only reasonably explanation is that businesses feared falling behind, an irrational fear of a plastic spoon gap. If they all just stopped including them without asking at the same time, nobody would lose (except for plastics manufacturers and their distributors I guess)
Straws are a good one to single out too because a vast number of them come from just a few major fast food chains, so if you get them to care you get rid of them relatively easily.
This strikes me as another form of whataboutism, like "oh you're only dealing with such a small part of the problem, what about all this other stuff you're not doing, obviously you you shouldn't even bother". If noone ever bothers with the individual parts then the whole problem is never going to stop.