Credit is having the ability to obtain debt. Once you use the credit, you have debt, regardless of when or if you pay it off.

You're not in debt if at all times while you are using this credit, you actually have the cash to pay it off.

Then you're using credit for convenience, not as a loan because you don't have money.

People using crdit strictly for convenience, always paying their bill within the interest-free grace period, are not in debt (on account of that credit card).

Even people with significant loans are not necessarily in debt. If you borrowed $300K to buy a $400K home that is now worth $500, you still have a loan, but that is offset by equity in the property. It's not the same as borrowing to buy food, which is consumed and gone.

Is this fact? Because my intuition is making me believe you're wrong.

If you're successfully paying off your CC, then what are you paying off if it's not debt?

IMO, to be in someone's debt means you have to pay them back, which is regardless of what cash you have.

Are you trying to say that if I borrow money from someone and I actually have the cash to pay them back, then I'm not actually in their debt?

"in someone's debt" is not the same as "in debt".

"In debt" is a loaded term which actually refers to a deficit situation, rather than the mere existence of loans. If we say, "OMG, X% of Americans are in debt", the reasonable interpretation is that are under financial strain due to actually running a deficit, not that some of them owe their friend ten bucks for yesterday's lunch because they forgot their wallet at the office.

I don't know, but one of these two things is not a useful metric for what this article is trying to claim.