Lisp has compilers.

Some do also some type checking, here SBCL 1.5.2:

  (declaim (ftype (function (fixnum) fixnum) foo))
  (defun foo (a)
    (+ a 1))

  (declaim (ftype (function (fixnum) string) bar))
  (defun bar (a)
    (if (zerop a)
        "zero"
        "not-zero"))

  (defun baz (a)
    (foo (bar a)))

  * (compile-file "/tmp/test.lisp")
  ; in: DEFUN BAZ                                                                                                                                                                      
  ;     (FOO (BAR A))                                                                                                                                                                  
  ;                                                                                                                                                                                    
  ; note: deleting unreachable code                                                                                                                                                    
  ;                                                                                                                                                                                    
  ; caught WARNING:                                                                                                                                                                    
  ;   Derived type of (BAR A) is                                                                                                                                                       
  ;     (VALUES STRING &REST T),                                                                                                                                                       
  ;   conflicting with its asserted type                                                                                                                                               
  ;     FIXNUM.