There are numerous countries without unlimited right of free movement. China, Burma, and (to a much lesser extent) India come to mind.

Also de facto limitations in highly violent places like Syria, parts of Iraq, Somalia et al, but I assume you were referring to a de jure right

I don't know if they still do it, but in the 90s if you drove between provinces in Egypt there were police checkpoints reviewing ID, reason for travel and levying a fee although I don't know how official that last part was.

There is a right to free movement in the country because it would be impractical to check movements of people at this level of granularity.

With this development of technology, it becomes possible to even check who is crossing your neighborhood, and you may lose your freedom inside your own country, if a government decided to go in that direction