As far as performant, I agree it wont matter in most trivial interactions but large datasets with computations already see an impact (for example we have million row datatables to show sometimes).
It's worth pointing out that .NET Core has an assembly/executable generator that can package only the .NET libraries that are actually used.
I think the biggest issue is sending every interaction over the wire but there are ideas to separate the event handling or even split which components run server vs client-side. That would allow highly responsive inputs with no lag while the parent component can run all its logic on the server.
Asp:UpdatePanel was great for it's time, and no different than doing an XHR request now and replacing the contents of a div with the response. You can still get basically the same effect with libraries like Turbolinks which is what Github does.