Depending on how far back you want to go: Rome, Byzantium and other near-east locations, Cordova and Teledo, Florence and the Italian City-States, Vienna, Paris, London, Amsterdam, ...

The list actually seems fairly small.

Hrm: listing of largest European cities through history 9sortable tables):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_European_citie...

And worldwide:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_through...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_urban_community_siz...