Word of mouth, chat groups where things are shared, conferences, blog posts... yes, those are resources. But it's also just a whole lot of curiosity and poking at systems.
The only security-relevant subreddit I'm subscribed to is /r/netsec, and sometimes interesting things come by, but I don't use it a lot. HN is more useful for (context about / following) big security events than netsec. Perhaps /r/sysadmin is also fair to mention, but that's more to see what's hot in sysadmin world (and get their perspective on breaking security news) than to learn about security.
Instead of Quora, I use the IT Security StackExchange site[2]: answering questions makes me dive into topics just a little deeper than what I already knew and I always come out knowing a few more useful details. The site has some really hardcore security people who are typically find any mistakes in your answers as well. I'd recommend that site a lot for learning, whether that is through asking or answering questions (though with answering, perhaps it's more to deepen knowledge than to get into the field), or even if it's just for getting correct answers to security questions like "What are the optimal WPA3 settings for a home router" or something.
So then, how does one get into security? Most people I know just started breaking things and noticed that others usually found it useful if we told them about it. After a while you'll have seen most of the common issues. Add to that some more structured materials like the OWASP top 10 and similar resources, and now I feel fairly confident that my reports are not just a haphazard collection of what I came across in previous years, but that I can actually give a reasonably complete assessment of the security of a system.
I don't know why the security field doesn't have as many structured resources as other fields. Maybe the field is just too small compared to how fast it moves? Or maybe security people are, y'know, as breakers of other people's systems, as hackers, as those who outsmart the people who made the system... maybe we want to be different and not follow norms by studying the normal way? And most of us just started doing it for fun before it became a profession, so few people would use the resources even if they were there? I'm just speculating.
* Books
* MOOCs
* Lecture notes, slides, and assignments from university courses
* Subreddits, Quora topics, etc
* Prominent community members you can follow on Twitter