Oooops!
I've changed my keyboard layouts in the past. My conclusion: there's value in standardization.
Colleagues have a switch. setxkbmap -option compose:ralt or whatever your DE wants you to use.
From the person you replied to
> Never had the same problem with Vim&Dvorak, even when writing frantically day and night on my thesis
Most of the graduate students I've knew spent a lot of time working alone, and had at some point to type a lot of things already clear in their head meaning ease and speed of typing was a very important factor, keyboard sharing not so much.
And then I've observed the same things as you, it's really annoying working at the desktop of my colleagues using non standards keyboards.
So, really, it's all dependent on context, and as usual there's a right tool for a given job. Kudos to both of you for coming to correct conclusions in your given environments :-)
I decided to stay with qwerty at work because I want a colleague to be able to work on my system, and switching keyboard layouts multiple times per day only causes me to type gibberish more often. And as you say, there is value in standardization.
If you switch machines so often you can't keep up with moving your customizations between them, by all means, learn just the defaults (but do learn them - e.g. whatever the "standard" editor IDE, learn the keyboard shortcuts). As for pair programming, switching keyboard layouts and opening a project in a different editor/IDE takes only a small fraction of the time your colleague will spend in front of your machine.
It's not about speed. Sure, some people say it's about speed, on either side of the debate, but I'm not a faster typist, nor a faster editor, nor would it matter in my profession (coding.)
It's about ease of use.
Once you're used to them, these tools save you (cognitive) overhead. Dvorak doesn't tire out my wrists (subjective, but I switched away from Qwerty&Emacs after developing RSI when writing larger technical documentation. Never had the same problem with Vim&Dvorak, even when writing frantically day and night on my thesis.) And Vim allows me to navigate text easily. It's not about speed. It's about intuitively navigating to something quickly, without having to think about it, and to stop and completely upend my current focus because I have to hunt & peck for something with my mouse.